Which sampling technique is most likely to introduce bias?

Convenience sampling is the technique most likely to introduce bias because it involves selecting individuals who are easiest to reach or sample rather than selecting participants randomly from the entire population. This can lead to a sample that does not accurately represent the broader population, as it may over-represent certain groups while under-representing others. For instance, if a survey is conducted at a specific location where certain demographics are more likely to be present (like a university campus), the results may not reflect the views or characteristics of the entire intended population, resulting in skewed data and misleading conclusions.

On the other hand, systematic sampling, simple random sampling, and stratified sampling are designed to reduce bias by ensuring that each member of the population has a fair chance of being included in the sample. Simple random sampling gives each individual an equal chance, while stratified sampling ensures that specific subgroups are represented proportionally. Systematic sampling, while potentially introducing bias under certain conditions, typically involves a structured approach that aims to avoid the pitfalls of convenience selection.