What is simple random sampling?

Simple random sampling is defined as a method in which every individual in a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate in the sample. This technique ensures that the sample is representative of the entire population, minimizing biases that can occur in other sampling methods. Because each member of the population has the same likelihood of being chosen, the results obtained from the sample can be generalized to the entire population with greater confidence.

The process often involves using random number generators or drawing lots to select participants, which helps to achieve the necessary randomness. This method is foundational in statistical sampling, as it lays the groundwork for many statistical tests and analyses by ensuring that the sample adequately reflects the population's diversity without systematic favoritism toward any subgroup.