What is an observational study?

An observational study is defined as a research method where researchers observe and measure outcomes without manipulating the variables being studied. This type of study allows for the collection of data in a natural environment, meaning that researchers do not intervene or influence the participants in any way.

In observational studies, researchers can gather data on behaviors, outcomes, or conditions as they occur naturally, which helps to identify potential correlations or associations between variables. This approach is particularly useful when it is ethically or practically challenging to conduct an experiment with interventions. The findings from observational studies can lead to valuable insights, though it is important to note that while correlations may be found, causation cannot be definitively established without experimental manipulation.

Other options provided describe different types of approaches or contexts that do not align with the principles of observational studies, focusing instead on experimentations, surveys, or theoretical models.