The study where 100 non-exercising men are compared with 100 exercising men is known as what type of study?

The scenario describes a study comparing two distinct groups based on their exercise habits: non-exercising men and exercising men. This comparison offers insights into the outcomes or effects associated with these behaviors. In this context, the study is most accurately categorized as a cohort study.

A cohort study involves observing subjects over time who share a common characteristic or experience, allowing researchers to look at associations between different exposures (like exercising versus not exercising) and outcomes (such as health metrics). The subjects in both groups are followed to determine the effects of their exercise habits.

The study is not retrospective, as it does not analyze past data to draw conclusions; rather, it actively assesses two groups simultaneously based on their current exercise levels. It also does not fall under a randomized control trial since there is no manipulation of treatment or allocation of participants into groups through randomization. Additionally, while a prospective study usually involves looking forward and following participants for future outcomes, the given study focuses on currently defining two distinct groups rather than tracking them over time for an outcome, which is characteristic of cohort studies.